RAM (Random Access Memory) is the vital memory of a computer where data necessary for running programs is stored. RAM is often overlooked, with many people focusing their budget on the CPU and GPU. However, choosing the right RAM can be crucial for achieving optimal performance—especially if you're into overclocking. For more information, including RAM, see the MOTHERBOARDS page.
There are three main factors to consider when evaluating RAM:
SIZE
Measured in gigabytes (GB), RAM size can range from 8 GB to 128 GB or more. More RAM allows your computer to handle more data simultaneously, improving overall performance—especially for multitasking or running resource-intensive programs.
For gaming PCs, 32 GB is generally the sweet spot. If you plan to stream on the same PC or use “heavy” software, a 64 GB kit is a better option.
FREQUENCY
Measured in megahertz (MHz), it indicates the speed at which RAM can transfer data. DDR4 RAM can reach frequencies slightly above 4000 MHz, while DDR5 can exceed 8000 MHz. Higher frequencies improve system performance by enabling faster access to data.
You can increase frequency through BIOS overclocking.
LATENCY TIMINGS
Latency—often labeled as CL (or CAS)—defines how long it takes to access data in RAM. Values like CL14, CL16, CL18 for DDR4, and CL30, CL36, CL40 for DDR5 represent latency timings.
Lower latency means faster data retrieval, improving overall system responsiveness. Latency can also be reduced through BIOS overclocking.
Carefully considering these three aspects when choosing RAM will help you maximize your PC's performance, improve user experience, and ensure applications and games run smoothly.
RAM in Gaming: Secondary Factors to Consider
Besides size, frequency, and latency, there are additional secondary values worth considering:
– Secondary/tertiary timings and base voltages:
In gaming, where fast data access is critical, secondary and tertiary timings can impact system responsiveness and smooth gameplay. Parameters like tRFC, tRAS, tRC, and others define how quickly RAM can access and transfer data, reducing overall latency and boosting performance.
An optimized secondary and tertiary timing setup can help your system respond faster to game data requests, reducing stuttering or lag.
While their impact may be subtler than primary timings or frequency, fine-tuning these values can ensure a smoother gaming experience.
RAM voltages refer to the power supply needed for memory modules to operate. High-performance or overclocking modules may require higher voltages to remain stable under heavy use.
However, be cautious—ensure your motherboard and cooling system can handle any heat generated from increased voltage.
– Rank:
“Rank” refers to the number of independent memory chip sets within a single RAM module. RAM can be single-rank or dual-rank, depending on how many sets are present.
There’s no one-size-fits-all answer to which is better for gaming—dual-rank or single-rank—as it depends on factors like your system configuration, motherboard chipset, and game requirements.
– Memory Chip Type/Manufacturer:
RAM chips may be produced by Samsung, Micron, or Hynix, with specific subtypes (e.g., Samsung B-Die, Hynix A-Die).
Differences between these mainly lie in the type and quality of the memory chips used. These differences can affect overall system performance—including gaming.
The best DDR4 memory type is Samsung B-Die, which supports higher frequencies while maintaining low latencies through overclocking—essential for responsiveness and smooth gameplay.
DUAL CHANNEL
It’s essential to use at least two RAM sticks to fully leverage Dual Channel technology, which doubles data transfer speeds.
Most motherboards prefer slots 2 and 4 for this configuration, but always check your motherboard manual to confirm the correct setup.
Maximizing Dual Channel can significantly boost system performance.
Never mix RAM sticks from different brands, frequencies, sizes, and/or latency timings.
RAM with Ryzen CPUs & Infinity Fabric
With Ryzen CPUs, RAM selection is especially important. AMD CPUs are known for being RAM-sensitive, so with DDR4 it’s best to use kits around 3800 MHz with the lowest latency possible. This maintains optimal synchronization with Infinity Fabric, maximizing performance.
Going above 3800 MHz could break this sync, so finding the right balance between frequency and latency is crucial (the sweet spot is 3600 MHz CL16, or CL14 if possible).
With the new AM5 socket (for next-gen Ryzen CPUs), the recommendation still applies. Choose low-latency DDR5 RAM with frequencies not exceeding 6400 MHz (sweet spot: 6000 MHz CL30).
Infinity Fabric is an AMD-developed technology that enables high-speed communication between different CPU components. It runs at a frequency that’s tied to memory speed, meaning your RAM directly impacts communication speed across CPU cores, memory controller, cache, and more.
Maintaining a 1:1 ratio between memory speed and Infinity Fabric is critical for peak performance in AMD systems.
DDR5 RAM with Intel CPUs
Intel CPUs can support higher-frequency DDR5 RAM than AMD CPUs due to differences in memory controller architecture.
Make sure your motherboard, CPU, and RAM kit are all compatible.
On most newer Z790 motherboards, running RAM at 7200 MHz is generally fine (with the latest BIOS).
For speeds beyond that, double-check motherboard compatibility. If you encounter crashes or blue screens, update your BIOS, tweak voltages manually, or reduce frequency.
For more info, see the MOTHERBOARDS page.
